请注意，本文编写于 86 天前，最后修改于 86 天前，其中某些信息可能已经过时。
目录
为了使得openharmony能够通过qemu启动，我们需要在设备上具备一个qemu的环境，这里仅针对x86-64，arm-linux类似x86-64，但是这里没有验证，对于windows，这里直接下载安装即可，对于linux，这里推荐使用qemu来源码构建。本文指定qemu的版本在8.2.7(2024/09/18)和windows的8.2.0
一、windows下的qemu安装
1.1 下载qemu版本
为了下载qemu，我们需要Stefan Weil给我们预编译的windows二进制：
https://www.qemu.org/download/#windows
我们找2023-12-24为我们预编译的qemu版本8.2.0版本，如下链接
https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w64/2023/ https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w64/2023/qemu-w64-setup-20231224.exe
下载可获得二进制qemu-w64-setup-20231224.exe
1.2 安装
这里安装直接一路通过即可，我们需要注意的是，安装完需要设置windows的系统path变量，设置之后，我们如下能够看到命令即完成
qemu-system-aarch64.exe --version QEMU emulator version 8.0.90 (v8.1.0-rc0-12027-g6fd99fb6ae) Copyright (c) 2003-2023 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
二、linux下的qemu编译
在linux下使用qemu，我们更倾向于重新编译构建，这里介绍方法
2.1 下载qemu源码
我们可以wget获取，如下
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-8.2.7.tar.xz
下载后，解压即可
xz -d qemu-8.2.7.tar.xz && tar xvf qemu-8.2.7.tar
2.2 配置qemu
qemu源码内部可以直接configure，我们事先不清楚qemu功能是否齐全，我们可以先配置一下，如果没有包含自己想要的功能，那就需要安装对于的开发包，因为configure是根据系统环境来判断功能是否开启的，如下：
qemu 8.2.7 Build environment Build directory : /root/tf/qemu/qemu-8.2.7/build Source path : /root/tf/qemu/qemu-8.2.7 Download dependencies : YES Directories Build directory : /root/tf/qemu/qemu-8.2.7/build Source path : /root/tf/qemu/qemu-8.2.7 Download dependencies : YES Install prefix : /usr/local BIOS directory : share/qemu firmware path : share/qemu-firmware binary directory : /usr/local/bin library directory : /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu module directory : lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qemu libexec directory : /usr/local/libexec include directory : /usr/local/include config directory : /usr/local/etc local state directory : /var/local Manual directory : /usr/local/share/man Doc directory : /usr/local/share/doc Host binaries python : /root/tf/qemu/qemu-8.2.7/build/pyvenv/bin/python3 (version: 3.8) sphinx-build : NO gdb : /usr/bin/gdb iasl : NO genisoimage : /usr/bin/genisoimage smbd : /usr/sbin/smbd Configurable features Documentation : NO system-mode emulation : YES user-mode emulation : YES block layer : YES Install blobs : YES module support : NO fuzzing support : NO Audio drivers : pa oss Trace backends : log D-Bus display : YES QOM debugging : YES Relocatable install : YES vhost-kernel support : YES vhost-net support : YES vhost-user support : YES vhost-user-crypto support : YES vhost-user-blk server support : YES vhost-vdpa support : YES build guest agent : YES Compilation host CPU : x86_64 host endianness : little C compiler : cc -m64 -mcx16 Host C compiler : cc -m64 -mcx16 C++ compiler : NO Objective-C compiler : NO CFLAGS : -g -O2 QEMU_CFLAGS : -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fwrapv -fstack-protector-strong QEMU_LDFLAGS : -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--warn-common link-time optimization (LTO) : NO PIE : YES static build : NO malloc trim support : YES membarrier : NO debug graph lock : NO debug stack usage : NO mutex debugging : NO memory allocator : system avx2 optimization : YES avx512bw optimization : YES avx512f optimization : NO gcov : NO thread sanitizer : NO CFI support : NO strip binaries : NO sparse : NO mingw32 support : NO Cross compilers aarch64 : aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc x86_64 : cc i386 : cc Targets and accelerators KVM support : YES HVF support : NO WHPX support : NO NVMM support : NO Xen support : NO Xen emulation : YES TCG support : YES TCG backend : native (x86_64) TCG plugins : YES TCG debug enabled : NO target list : aarch64_be-linux-user aarch64-linux-user alpha-linux-user armeb-linux-user arm-linux-user cris-linux-user hexagon-linux-user hppa-linux-user i386-linux-user loongarch64-linux-user m68k-linux-user microblazeel-linux-user microblaze-linux-user mips64el-linux-user mips64-linux-user mipsel-linux-user mips-linux-user mipsn32el-linux-user mipsn32-linux-user nios2-linux-user or1k-linux-user ppc64le-linux-user ppc64-linux-user ppc-linux-user riscv32-linux-user riscv64-linux-user s390x-linux-user sh4eb-linux-user sh4-linux-user sparc32plus-linux-user sparc64-linux-user sparc-linux-user x86_64-linux-user xtensaeb-linux-user xtensa-linux-user aarch64-softmmu alpha-softmmu arm-softmmu avr-softmmu cris-softmmu hppa-softmmu i386-softmmu loongarch64-softmmu m68k-softmmu microblazeel-softmmu microblaze-softmmu mips64el-softmmu mips64-softmmu mipsel-softmmu mips-softmmu nios2-softmmu or1k-softmmu ppc64-softmmu ppc-softmmu riscv32-softmmu riscv64-softmmu rx-softmmu s390x-softmmu sh4eb-softmmu sh4-softmmu sparc64-softmmu sparc-softmmu tricore-softmmu x86_64-softmmu xtensaeb-softmmu xtensa-softmmu default devices : YES out of process emulation : YES vfio-user server : NO Block layer support coroutine backend : ucontext coroutine pool : YES Block whitelist (rw) : Block whitelist (ro) : Use block whitelist in tools : NO VirtFS (9P) support : YES VirtFS (9P) Proxy Helper support (deprecated): NO Live block migration : YES replication support : YES bochs support : YES cloop support : YES dmg support : YES qcow v1 support : YES vdi support : YES vhdx support : YES vmdk support : YES vpc support : YES vvfat support : YES qed support : YES parallels support : YES FUSE exports : NO VDUSE block exports : YES Crypto TLS priority : NORMAL GNUTLS support : NO libgcrypt : NO nettle : NO AF_ALG support : NO rng-none : NO Linux keyring : YES Linux keyutils : NO User interface SDL support : YES 2.0.10 SDL image support : YES 2.0.5 GTK support : YES pixman : YES 0.38.4 VTE support : NO PNG support : YES 1.6.37 VNC support : YES VNC SASL support : NO VNC JPEG support : YES 2.0.3 spice protocol support : NO curses support : YES brlapi support : NO Audio backends OSS support : YES sndio support : NO ALSA support : YES 1.2.2 PulseAudio support : YES 13.99.1 PipeWire support : NO JACK support : NO Network backends AF_XDP support : NO slirp support : YES 4.1.0 vde support : YES netmap support : NO l2tpv3 support : YES Dependencies libtasn1 : NO PAM : NO iconv support : YES virgl support : YES 0.8.2 rutabaga support : NO blkio support : NO curl support : NO Multipath support : NO Linux AIO support : NO Linux io_uring support : NO ATTR/XATTR support : YES RDMA support : NO PVRDMA support : NO fdt support : system libcap-ng support : NO bpf support : NO rbd support : NO smartcard support : NO U2F support : NO libusb : NO usb net redir : NO OpenGL support (epoxy) : YES 1.5.4 GBM : YES 21.2.6 libiscsi support : NO libnfs support : NO seccomp support : NO GlusterFS support : NO hv-balloon support : NO TPM support : YES libssh support : NO lzo support : NO snappy support : YES bzip2 support : NO lzfse support : NO zstd support : NO NUMA host support : NO capstone : NO libpmem support : YES 1.8 libdaxctl support : YES 67+ libudev : YES 245 FUSE lseek : NO selinux : YES 3.0 libdw : NO Subprojects berkeley-softfloat-3 : YES berkeley-testfloat-3 : YES keycodemapdb : YES libvduse : YES libvhost-user : YES User defined options Native files : config-meson.cross docs : disabled plugins : true
如果有一些功能没支持，我们需要通过pip/apt安装对于的开发包即可，这里就不详细说明了。
2.3 编译qemu
执行编译非常简单，我们直接make即可
make -j$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l)
等待一会儿，qemu就完整编译好啦
2.4 安装
为了正常安装，我们执行make install即可，这里指定了destdir为out，如下
make install DESTDIR=out
为了使得qemu默认启用，我们需要定义PATH变量，如下：
export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/build/out/usr/local/bin/
此时，我们检查一下是否正常，如下：
qemu-system-aarch64 --version QEMU emulator version 8.2.7 Copyright (c) 2003-2023 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
至此，qemu正常运行
三、运行
对于windows，我们需要写一个powershell脚本，如下：
qemu-system-aarch64.exe ` -M virt ` -cpu cortex-a53 ` -smp 4 ` -m 8192 ` -nographic ` -drive if=none,file=./userdata.img,format=raw,id=userdata,index=0 ` -device virtio-blk-device,drive=userdata ` -drive if=none,file=./vendor.img,format=raw,id=vendor,index=2 ` -device virtio-blk-device,drive=vendor ` -drive if=none,file=./system.img,format=raw,id=system,index=1 ` -device virtio-blk-device,drive=system ` -drive if=none,file=./Image,format=raw,id=empty,index=3 ` -device virtio-blk-device,drive=empty ` -kernel ./Image ` -initrd ./ramdisk.img ` -vnc :20 ` -k en-us ` -net nic ` -net user,hostfwd=tcp::6666-:6666 ` -device virtio-gpu,xres=486,yres=864,max_outputs=1,addr=08.0 ` -display sdl,gl=on ` -device virtio-mouse-pci ` -device virtio-keyboard-pci ` -append "loglevel=7 ip=192.168.137.2:192.168.137.1:192.168.137.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=true LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose EGL_LOG_LEVEL=debug sn=0023456789 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/init ohos.boot.hardware=arm64_virt default_boot_device=a003e00.virtio_mmio root=/dev/ram0 rw ohos.required_mount.system=/dev/block/vdb@/usr@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.vendor=/dev/block/vdc@/vendor@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.misc=/dev/block/vdd@/misc@none@none=@wait,required ohos.required_mount.data=/dev/block/vda@/data/@ext4@nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,data=ordered,noauto_da_alloc@wait,reservedsize=104857600 sn=0023456789"
对于Linux，我们直接复用openharmony的qemu-run脚本
./qemu-run board: arm64_virt Enter to start qemu[y/n]:
为了方便，也可以编写一个qemu脚本，如下内容
#!/bin/bash qemu-system-aarch64 \ -M virt \ -cpu cortex-a53 \ -smp 4 \ -m 8192 \ -nographic \ -drive if=none,file=out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/userdata.img,format=raw,id=userdata,index=3 \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=userdata \ -drive if=none,file=out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/vendor.img,format=raw,id=vendor,index=2 \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=vendor \ -drive if=none,file=out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/system.img,format=raw,id=system,index=1 \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=system \ -drive if=none,file=out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/updater.img,format=raw,id=updater,index=0 \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=updater \ -kernel out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/Image \ -initrd out/arm64_virt/packages/phone/images/ramdisk.img \ -vnc :20 \ -k en-us \ -net nic \ -net user,hostfwd=tcp::6666-:6666 \ -device virtio-gpu-gl,xres=486,yres=864 \ -display sdl,gl=on \ -append "loglevel=7 ip=192.168.137.2:192.168.137.1:192.168.137.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=true LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose EGL_LOG_LEVEL=debug sn=0023456789 console=ttyAMA0,115200 init=/bin/init ohos.boot.hardware=arm64_virt default_boot_device=a003e00.virtio_mmio root=/dev/ram0 rw ohos.required_mount.system=/dev/block/vdb@/usr@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.vendor=/dev/block/vdc@/vendor@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.misc=/dev/block/vda@/misc@none@none=@wait,required ohos.required_mount.data=/dev/block/vdd@/data/@ext4@nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,data=ordered,noauto_da_alloc@wait,reservedsize=104857600 sn=0023456789"
此时，我们可以看到qemu启动的鸿蒙界面如下：
目录