为了丰富版本的调试功能,这里提供了web ssh来支持浏览器打开ssh。只需要四步即可完成,只要实施步骤如下
apt install shellinabox
根据自身机器环境配置网络即可
为了更加安全,这里使用9999端口,如下
sed -i 's/SHELLINABOX_PORT=4200/SHELLINABOX_PORT=9999/g' /etc/default/shellinabox
systemctl restart shellinabox
netstat -ntp | grep shellinabox
如果一切正常,则看到出现9999端口的shellinaboxd
项目中有客户需要将设备当作纯U盘来使用,已知Linux的gadget本身就支持U盘设备,这里描述一下如何将Linux系统作为U盘使用。
对于usb gadget功能,需要打开内核默认设置,主要配置如下:
CONFIG_USB_F_MASS_STORAGE=y CONFIG_USB_LIBCOMPOSITE=y CONFIG_USB_CONFIGFS_MASS_STORAGE=y CONFIG_USB_MASS_STORAGE=m
将CONFIG_USB_MASS_STORAGE作为ko的原因是需要加载时传参,如果希望固化,则可以将传参写到cmdline中。
对于U盘功能,则需要单独划一块分区给U盘使用,这里可以是单独的分区,也可以是一个img文件。
如果是单独的分区,则如下:
mkfs.vfat /dev/mmc0blk1p5 insmod g_mass_stroage.ko file=/dev/mmc0blk1p5 removable=1
如果需要系统内也能看到文件修改,这里增加一个fstab即可。如下
/dev/mmc0blk1p5 /data1 vfat defaults,user,rw,codepage=936,iocharset=utf8 0 0
如果是单独的文件,则如下:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/usb_stroage.img bs=512 count=2097152 # (1G大小) mkfs.vfat /media/usb_stroage.img
这里可以利用fstab的挂载
/media/usb_stroage.img /data1 vfat defaults,user,rw,codepage=936,iocharset=utf8 0 0
然后加载驱动
insmod g_mass_stroage.ko file=/dev/loop0 removable=1
如果不确定loop0是否为自己的img,可以指定挂载如下
losetup /dev/loop0 /media/usb_stroage.img
使用就非常简单了,将otg的功能的USB接上电脑,电脑会按照U盘的方式弹出一个已经格式化好的文件。此时正常使用U盘即可。
客户有一个4K的屏幕,放在两个显示器上面显示,现在需要将其对半分割为两个正常的显示器。这么说不好理解,转换需求可以这样理解,一个4K的显示分辨率的显示器,需要系统将其认为两个2K的显示器显示。通过前期调研,发现了两种方法实现。分别如下
此方案是为X增加了两个monitor,然后根据窗管的识别,将其认定为两个单独的屏幕,此方法需要修改系统代码。主要如下
--- xorg-server-21.1.4/randr/rrmonitor.c.orig 2022-09-30 00:09:40.458561832 +0200 +++ xorg-server-21.1.4/randr/rrmonitor.c 2022-09-30 00:09:46.298529786 +0200 @@ -528,27 +528,6 @@ continue; } - /* For each output in 'info.outputs', each one is removed from all - * pre-existing Monitors. If removing the output causes the list - * of outputs for that Monitor to become empty, then that - * Monitor will be deleted as if RRDeleteMonitor were called. - */ - - for (eo = 0; eo < existing->numOutputs; eo++) { - for (o = 0; o < monitor->numOutputs; o++) { - if (monitor->outputs[o] == existing->outputs[eo]) { - memmove(existing->outputs + eo, existing->outputs + eo + 1, - (existing->numOutputs - (eo + 1)) * sizeof (RROutput)); - --existing->numOutputs; - --eo; - break; - } - } - if (existing->numOutputs == 0) { - (void) RRMonitorDelete(client, screen, existing->name); - break; - } - } if (monitor->primary) existing->primary = FALSE; }
这里屏蔽了Xorg本身将存在的output的monitor删除的代码
--- src/gtk/gdk/x11/gdkscreen-x11.c.orig 2022-09-30 16:24:00.181850959 +0200 +++ src/gtk/gdk/x11/gdkscreen-x11.c 2022-09-30 21:32:47.288912422 +0200 @@ -644,21 +644,14 @@ #undef EDID_LENGTH } - monitor = find_monitor_by_output (x11_display, output); - if (monitor) - monitor->remove = FALSE; - else - { - monitor = g_object_new (GDK_TYPE_X11_MONITOR, - "display", display, - NULL); - monitor->output = output; - monitor->add = TRUE; - g_ptr_array_add (x11_display->monitors, monitor); - } + monitor = g_object_new (GDK_TYPE_X11_MONITOR, + "display", display, + NULL); + monitor->add = TRUE; + g_ptr_array_add (x11_display->monitors, monitor); gdk_monitor_get_geometry (GDK_MONITOR (monitor), &geometry); - name = g_strndup (output_info->name, output_info->nameLen); + name = gdk_x11_get_xatom_name_for_display(display, rr_monitors[i].name); newgeo.x = rr_monitors[i].x / x11_screen->window_scale; newgeo.y = rr_monitors[i].y / x11_screen->window_scale; @@ -687,7 +680,6 @@ gdk_monitor_set_connector (GDK_MONITOR (monitor), name); gdk_monitor_set_manufacturer (GDK_MONITOR (monitor), manufacturer); g_free (manufacturer); - g_free (name); if (rr_monitors[i].primary) primary_output = monitor->output;
这里找到monitor不是通过output寻找,而是直接增加monitor,这就避免了同一个显示器上不能输出两块屏幕的问题
这边尝试了metacity和mutter,均没办法正常识别,但是基于gtk3的xfce是能够正常识别到两个屏幕的。
apt install -y xfce4
根据如上理解,我们后续要做的工作是,将例如kwin这类的窗管,在创建屏幕的过程中,不应该绑定一个output就一个monitor的方式。而是根据所有的monitor来都创建显示display
xrandr --delmonitor VIRTUAL-LEFT xrandr --delmonitor VIRTUAL-RIGHT xrandr --setmonitor VIRTUAL-LEFT 960/0x1200/1+0+0 DSI-1 xrandr --setmonitor VIRTUAL-RIGHT 960/1x1200/1+960+0 none xrandr --listmonitors xrandr --fb 1921x1200 xrandr --fb 1920x1200
https://github.com/micw/xorg-split-screen-archlinux/blob/packages/gtk3/trunk/multiple_monitors_per_output.patch https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/-/merge_requests/981/diffs?commit_id=21e569ef1e87e4dfcedbdac99216e7147e2b05ff
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/-/issues/2013#note_1280968
通过修改xrandr的api,可以实现将x划分为多个显示接口,也就是xrandr显示的是自己设置的虚假的显示器
参考仓库地址
https://github.com/phillipberndt/fakexrandr
参考测试示例
https://gist.github.com/phillipberndt/7688785#file-fake-xinerama-L50
相应论坛信息
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/605755/use-xrandr-to-split-display-in-two-virtual-screens
DWM窗管支持全屏补丁
https://dwm.suckless.org/patches/fakefullscreen/dwm-fakefullscreen-20210714-138b405.diff
fakeXinerama仓库
https://github.com/Xpra-org/libfakeXinerama
xrdp补丁
https://github.com/asafge/xrdp_dualmon/blob/master/fakexinerama/Xinerama.c
参考论坛
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/-/issues/2013#note_1280968
测试例子
fakexrandr-manage.py gui
通过上述两种办法试验,均可以在X86上正常切换屏幕。当前在麒麟系统上的kwin不能直接使用,需要修改代码
bluetoothctl是bluez协议的调试工具,用于前期的蓝牙基本功能的验证和测试。本文基于bluetoothctl工具,介绍了如何使用其进行蓝牙的基本通讯
root@kylin:/home/kylin# dpkg -l | grep bluez ii bluez 5.53-0kylin3k4 arm64 Bluetooth tools and daemons ii bluez-obexd 5.53-0kylin3k4 arm64 bluez obex daemon
root@kylin:/home/kylin# hciconfig hci0: Type: Primary Bus: UART BD Address: 9C:71:D9:BC:DD:BF ACL MTU: 1021:8 SCO MTU: 64:1 UP RUNNING PSCAN RX bytes:441417 acl:200 sco:0 events:10560 errors:0 TX bytes:12117 acl:184 sco:0 commands:173 errors:0
如果蓝牙状态不是 “UP RUNNING PSCAN” 则需要手动启动蓝牙
hciconfig hci0 up
root@kylin:/home/kylin# rfkill list 0: bt_default: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: brcmfmac-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 3: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no
如果蓝牙被rfkill block,则需要通过rfkill命令unblock,否则蓝牙功能仍是被系统关闭的
rfkill unblock hci0
hcitool lescan LE Scan ... 21:0E:38:14:CE:18 (unknown) 5F:5A:FC:85:1C:05 (unknown)
如果能够探测到低功耗蓝牙设备,代表蓝牙的基本功能正常
root@kylin:/home/kylin# l2ping 54:09:10:38:28:97 Ping: 54:09:10:38:28:97 from 9C:71:D9:BC:DD:BF (data size 44) ... 0 bytes from 54:09:10:38:28:97 id 0 time 9.91ms 0 bytes from 54:09:10:38:28:97 id 1 time 8.55ms 0 bytes from 54:09:10:38:28:97 id 2 time 8.48ms
root@kylin:/home/kylin# bluetoothctl Agent registered [bluetooth]#
[bluetooth]# scan on
等到扫到自己的蓝牙设备之后,可以关闭蓝牙扫描
[bluetooth]# scan off
[bluetooth]# devices Device 54:09:10:38:28:97 iPhone
由上可以发现,设备已经搜到蓝牙名字为iPhone,MAC为 54:09:10:38:28:97 的设备
[bluetooth]# agent on Agent is already registered [bluetooth]# default-agent Default agent request successful
[bluetooth]# trust 54:09:10:38:28:97 [CHG] Device 54:09:10:38:28:97 Trusted: yes Changing 54:09:10:38:28:97 trust succeeded [bluetooth]# pair 54:09:10:38:28:97 Attempting to pair with 54:09:10:38:28:97 [CHG] Device 54:09:10:38:28:97 Connected: yes Request confirmation [agent] Confirm passkey 886360 (yes/no): yes
如果之前之前配对过,就无需配对,如果仍选择配对,会报如下错误,但不影响使用
[bluetooth]# pair 54:09:10:38:28:97 Attempting to pair with 54:09:10:38:28:97 Failed to pair: org.bluez.Error.AlreadyExists
查看已经配对过的设备
[iPhone]# paired-devices Device 54:09:10:38:28:97 iPhone
[bluetooth]# connect 54:09:10:38:28:97 Attempting to connect to 54:09:10:38:28:97 [CHG] Device 54:09:10:38:28:97 Connected: yes [iPhone]#
如果蓝牙正常连接成功,会出现蓝牙名字的终端,如 [iPhone]
menu gatt [Blank]# list-attributes Characteristic (Handle 0x9240) /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0014/char0015 00002222-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb Unknown
select-attribute /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0023/char0024 [iPhone:/service0014/char0015]# attribute-info Characteristic - Unknown UUID: 00002222-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb Service: /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0014 Flags: read Flags: write Flags: extended-properties Flags: reliable-write
[iPhone:/service0023/char0024]# write 1 Attempting to write /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0023/char0024 [iPhone:/service0023/char0024]# read Attempting to read /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0023/char0024 [CHG] Attribute /org/bluez/hci0/dev_60_B7_4C_51_AC_D7/service0023/char0024 Value: 01 . 01 .
1.下载LightBlue 2.选择Virtual Devices 3.点击+ 4.选择默认的profile,这里默认可以是blank 5.点击Blank,进去服务 6.进入默认的uuid 2222 7.修改uuid,修改描述,修改属性 8.利用bluetoothctl进行读写操作验证
最近在某个项目上,需要使用字符终端的显示,并且还需要显示中文。通过网络发现,Framebuffer Console支持中文的功能默认却没在linux的主分支,但是github上有人在维护这个patch。https://github.com/zhmars/cjktty-patches 。鉴于此,本文介绍一下Framebuffer Console的配置方法以及cjktty的配置步骤
# # Console display driver support # CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE_COLUMNS=80 CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE_ROWS=25 CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE_DETECT_PRIMARY=y
这样就打开了内核的字符终端
对应defconfig打开CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE即可
make bindeb-pkg -j64
这里编译出来会产生如下包,安装即可
../linux-headers-5.10.66_5.10.66-13_arm64.deb ../linux-headers-5.10.66_5.10.66_arm64.deb ../linux-image-5.10.66_5.10.66-13_arm64.deb ../linux-image-5.10.66_5.10.66_arm64.deb ../linux-image-5.10.66-dbg_5.10.66-13_arm64.deb ../linux-image-5.10.66-dbg_5.10.66_arm64.deb ../linux-libc-dev_5.10.66-13_arm64.deb ../linux-libc-dev_5.10.66_arm64.deb
如果使用rk平台默认boot编译,可使用如下编译方法
export ARCH=arm64 export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu- export PATH=$PATH:$YOURSDK/gcc-arm-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin/ make rockchip_linux_defconfig make rk3588-evb1-lp4-v10-linux.img -j64
编译完成将生成boot.img
在正常进入系统之后,通过组合按键
Ctrl+Alt+F{1-6} 即可进入字符终端界面
但是,默认的字符界面,没办法正常的显示中文。原系统的中文的文件显示乱码。于是找到了cjktty
cjktty的patch仓库地址在 https://github.com/zhmars/cjktty-patches ,通过其README.md 可以发现其已经不断支持到最新内核上了
因为我们的内核版本是5.10,故拉取5.10的patch
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zhmars/cjktty-patches/master/v5.x/cjktty-5.10.patch
打补丁就简单了
patch -p1 < cjktty-5.10.patch
CONFIG_FONT_CJK_16x16=y CONFIG_FONT_CJK_32x32=y
编译方法同上,使用时可以发现,该作者实际就是把两个原英文字符叠加成一个中文字符,从而显示了的中文字符